From "Antibody Factory" to Disease Engine: A Panoramic View of B Cell Receptor Signal Transduction1 Introduction to the B-Cell ReceptorB cells are the “antibody factories” of the adaptive immune system and are lymphocytes responsible for humoral immunity. Their core function is to recognize foreign antigens, proliferate, and differentiate into plasma cells that secrete specific antibodies to neutralize pathogens. The B-cell receptor (BCR) is a transmembrane immunoglobulin embedded in the B-cell membrane. When the BCR specifically binds its corresponding antigen, it triggers intracellular signaling pathways and simultaneously endocytoses, processes, and presents the antige......2026-10-28

On September 14, 2026, a research team from the School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University published a research paper titled Angiotensin II exacerbates intracerebral hemorrhage in mice via heparin-like antithrombin activation and coagulation dysfunction in Nature Communications. The study confirms that angiotensin II allosterically activates antithrombin through a heparin-like effect, triggering coagulation dysfunction and thereby aggravating intracerebral hemorrhage. It uncovers a novel molecular mechanism underlying the paradoxical tendency of hypertension to simultaneously promote thrombosis and hemorrhage. Furthermore, this effect is independent of the classical Ang II receptor p......2026-10-22

On October 1, 2026, the research team led by Professor Je-Hwang Ryu from the College of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, South Korea, published an article entitled “Hypertension fuels osteoarthritis through neuroendocrine signaling” in Science. The study verified that hypertension accelerates osteoarthritis progression via the AVP-AVPR1A neuroendocrine signaling axis, revealing the molecular mechanism linking hypertension to impaired cartilage homeostasis. Meanwhile, it suggests AVPR1A and its downstream mediators may serve as potential therapeutic targets to slow osteoarthritis progression in hypertensive patients with joint injury.This study integrates a population cohort,......2026-10-19

The versatility of the IFN family: From basic immune response to precise disease intervention1. Introduction to interferon familyThe interferon (IFN) family is a group of signaling proteins that play a crucial role in the body's antiviral immunity. These cytokines are induced when cells are infected by viruses. These cytokines establish a defense line by interfering with virus replication, activating immune cells, and enhancing the antiviral state of host cells. Due to their broad antiviral, antiproliferative, and immunomodulatory activities, they have become important biological agents for clinical treatment of viral hepatitis, certain malignant tumors, and multiple sclerosis and ......2026-07-20

Organoid Models and Their Specific Biomarkers: A New Paradigm for In Vitro Validation in Precision MedicineThe advancement of precision medicine urgently requires in vitro models that can faithfully recapitulate human physiology and pathology. For decades, researchers have strived to simulate human diseases using various in vitro models and animal models, yet have consistently faced insurmountable bottlenecks. Traditional two-dimensional cell cultures fail to reproduce the three-dimensional tissue microenvironment, while animal models exhibit significant species differences. It is against this backdrop that organoid technology emerged. Since Hans Clevers and colleagues first establishe......2026-06-16

Focus on the IL6 Family: The Molecular Hub Connecting Immunity, Inflammation and Major Diseases1. Introduction to the interleukin6 familyThe interleukin (IL)6 family is a group of cytokines consisting of IL6, IL11, IL31, ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), tumor necrosis factor M (OSM), cardiac trophic factor 1 (CT1), and cardioid cytokine (CLC). Members of this cytokine family have pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory properties, activating target genes involved in differentiation, survival, apoptosis and proliferation, and are major participants in hematopoiesis, acute phase and the body's immune response.1.1 Structure of IL6 and Its ReceptorIL......2026-03-25