Thioredoxin (Trx)

[Edit]

TXN; ADF; SASP; TRDX; TRX1; ATL-derived factor; Surface-associated sulphydryl protein

Thioredoxin (Trx)

Thioredoxins are proteins that act as antioxidants by facilitating the reduction of other proteins by cysteine thiol-disulfide exchange. Thioredoxins are found in nearly all known organisms and are essential for life in mammals.Thioredoxins are characterized at the level of their amino acid sequence by the presence of two vicinal cysteines in a CXXC motif. These two cysteines are the key to the ability of thioredoxin to reduce other proteins.

Thioredoxin proteins also have a characteristic tertiary structure termed the thioredoxin fold.The thioredoxins are kept in the reduced state by the flavoenzyme thioredoxin reductase, in a NADPH-dependent reaction. Thioredoxins act as electron donors to peroxidases and ribonucleotide reductase.

Organism species: Homo sapiens (Human)

CATALOG NO. PRODUCT NAME APPLICATIONS
Proteins RPA702Hu01 Recombinant Thioredoxin (Trx) Positive Control; Immunogen; SDS-PAGE; WB.
Antibodies PAA702Hu01 Polyclonal Antibody to Thioredoxin (Trx) WB; IHC; ICC; IP.
MAA702Hu22 Monoclonal Antibody to Thioredoxin (Trx) WB
LAA702Hu71 Biotin-Linked Polyclonal Antibody to Thioredoxin (Trx) WB; IHC; ICC.
LAA702Hu81 FITC-Linked Polyclonal Antibody to Thioredoxin (Trx) WB; IHC; ICC; IF.
MAA702Hu21 Monoclonal Antibody to Thioredoxin (Trx) WB; IHC; ICC; IP.
MAA702Hu23 Monoclonal Antibody to Thioredoxin (Trx) WB; IHC; ICC; IP.
MAA702Hu24 Monoclonal Antibody to Thioredoxin (Trx) WB; IHC; ICC; IP.
MAA702Hu25 Monoclonal Antibody to Thioredoxin (Trx) WB; IHC; ICC; IP.
MAA702Hu27 Monoclonal Antibody to Thioredoxin (Trx) WB; IHC; ICC; IP.
MAA702Hu29 Monoclonal Antibody to Thioredoxin (Trx) WB; IHC; ICC; IP.
Assay Kits SEA702Hu ELISA Kit for Thioredoxin (Trx) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Antigen Detection.
SCA702Hu CLIA Kit for Thioredoxin (Trx) Chemiluminescent immunoassay for Antigen Detection.

Organism species: Mus musculus (Mouse)

CATALOG NO. PRODUCT NAME APPLICATIONS
Proteins RPA702Mu01 Recombinant Thioredoxin (Trx) Positive Control; Immunogen; SDS-PAGE; WB.
RPA702Mu02 Recombinant Thioredoxin (Trx) Positive Control; Immunogen; SDS-PAGE; WB.
Antibodies PAA702Mu01 Polyclonal Antibody to Thioredoxin (Trx) WB; IHC; ICC; IP.
LAA702Mu71 Biotin-Linked Polyclonal Antibody to Thioredoxin (Trx) WB; IHC; ICC.
LAA702Mu81 FITC-Linked Polyclonal Antibody to Thioredoxin (Trx) WB; IHC; ICC; IF.
PAA702Mu02 Polyclonal Antibody to Thioredoxin (Trx) WB; IHC; ICC; IP.
Assay Kits SEA702Mu ELISA Kit for Thioredoxin (Trx) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Antigen Detection.

Organism species: Rattus norvegicus (Rat)

CATALOG NO. PRODUCT NAME APPLICATIONS
Proteins RPA702Ra01 Recombinant Thioredoxin (Trx) Positive Control; Immunogen; SDS-PAGE; WB.
Antibodies PAA702Ra01 Polyclonal Antibody to Thioredoxin (Trx) WB; IHC; ICC; IP.
LAA702Ra71 Biotin-Linked Polyclonal Antibody to Thioredoxin (Trx) WB; IHC; ICC.
LAA702Ra81 FITC-Linked Polyclonal Antibody to Thioredoxin (Trx) WB; IHC; ICC; IF.
MAA702Ra21 Monoclonal Antibody to Thioredoxin (Trx) WB; IHC; ICC; IP.
MAA702Ra22 Monoclonal Antibody to Thioredoxin (Trx) WB; IHC; ICC; IP.
MAA702Ra23 Monoclonal Antibody to Thioredoxin (Trx) WB; IHC; ICC; IP.
MAA702Ra24 Monoclonal Antibody to Thioredoxin (Trx) WB; IHC; ICC; IP.
MAA702Ra25 Monoclonal Antibody to Thioredoxin (Trx) WB; IHC; ICC; IP.
MAA702Ra29 Monoclonal Antibody to Thioredoxin (Trx) WB; IHC; ICC; IP.
MAA702Ra27 Monoclonal Antibody to Thioredoxin (Trx) WB; IHC; ICC; IP.
Assay Kits SEA702Ra ELISA Kit for Thioredoxin (Trx) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Antigen Detection.

Organism species: Chicken (Gallus)

CATALOG NO. PRODUCT NAME APPLICATIONS
Proteins RPA702Ga01 Recombinant Thioredoxin (Trx) Positive Control; Immunogen; SDS-PAGE; WB.
Antibodies n/a Monoclonal Antibody to Thioredoxin (Trx) Monoclonal Antibody Customized Service Offer
n/a Polyclonal Antibody to Thioredoxin (Trx) Polyclonal Antibody Customized Service Offer
Assay Kits n/a CLIA Kit for Thioredoxin (Trx) CLIA Kit Customized Service Offer
n/a ELISA Kit for Thioredoxin (Trx) ELISA Kit Customized Service Offer

Organism species: Spinacia oleracea (Spinach)

CATALOG NO. PRODUCT NAME APPLICATIONS
Proteins RPA702Pl01 Recombinant Thioredoxin (Trx) Positive Control; Immunogen; SDS-PAGE; WB.
Antibodies PAA702Pl01 Polyclonal Antibody to Thioredoxin (Trx) WB; IHC; ICC; IP.
MAA702Pl21 Monoclonal Antibody to Thioredoxin (Trx) WB; IHC; ICC; IP.
Assay Kits SEA702Pl ELISA Kit for Thioredoxin (Trx) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Antigen Detection.
  1. "Cloning and expression of a cDNA for human thioredoxin."J. Biol. Chem. 263:15506-15512(1988) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  2. "ATL-derived factor (ADF), an IL-2 receptor/Tac inducer homologous to thioredoxin; possible involvement of dithiol-reduction in the IL-2 receptor induction."EMBO J. 8:757-764(1989) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  3. "Isolation and characterization of human thioredoxin-encoding genes."Gene 102:221-228(1991) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  4. "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs." Nat. Genet. 36:40-45(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  5. "DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 9." Nature 429:369-374(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  6. "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)."Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  7. "An alternative splice variant of human thioredoxin."Chin. Sci. Bull. 43:292-295(1998)
  8. "Characterization of a thioredoxin-related surface protein."Biochem. J. 304:861-867(1994) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  9. "Identification of a thioredoxin-related protein associated with plasma membranes."Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 175:123-128(1991) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  10. , Submitted (DEC-2008) to UniProtKB
  11. "Human thioredoxin reactivity-structure/function relationship."Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 173:1375-1381(1990) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  12. "Secretion of thioredoxin by normal and neoplastic cells through a leaderless secretory pathway."J. Biol. Chem. 267:24161-24164(1992) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  13. "AP-1 transcriptional activity is regulated by a direct association between thioredoxin and Ref-1."Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94:3633-3638(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  14. "Thioredoxin nuclear translocation and interaction with redox factor-1 activates the activator protein-1 transcription factor in response to ionizing radiation."Cancer Res. 60:6688-6695(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  15. "S-nitrosation of thioredoxin in the nitrogen monoxide/superoxide system activates apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1."Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 428:198-203(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  16. "Thioredoxin catalyzes the S-nitrosation of the caspase-3 active site cysteine."Nat. Chem. Biol. 1:154-158(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  17. "Thioredoxin is required for S-nitrosation of procaspase-3 and the inhibition of apoptosis in Jurkat cells."Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104:11609-11614(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  18. "Abnormal proteins in primary breast cancer tissues from 25 Sudanese patients."Eur. J. Inflamm. 6:115-121(2008)
  19. "Salmonella type III secretion effector SlrP is an E3 ubiquitin ligase for mammalian thioredoxin."J. Biol. Chem. 284:27587-27595(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  20. "Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions."Science 325:834-840(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  21. "Initial characterization of the human central proteome."BMC Syst. Biol. 5:17-17(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  22. "An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome."J. Proteomics 96:253-262(2014) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  23. "A proton nuclear magnetic resonance assignment and secondary structure determination of recombinant human thioredoxin."Biochemistry 28:7088-7097(1989) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  24. "High-resolution three-dimensional structure of reduced recombinant human thioredoxin in solution."Biochemistry 30:2685-2698(1991) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  25. "The high-resolution three-dimensional solution structures of the oxidized and reduced states of human thioredoxin."Structure 2:503-522(1994) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  26. "Solution structure of human thioredoxin in a mixed disulfide intermediate complex with its target peptide from the transcription factor NF kappa B."Structure 3:289-297(1995) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  27. "The solution structure of human thioredoxin complexed with its target from Ref-1 reveals peptide chain reversal."Structure 4:613-620(1996) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  28. "Crystal structures of reduced, oxidized, and mutated human thioredoxins: evidence for a regulatory homodimer."Structure 4:735-751(1996) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  29. "Human thioredoxin homodimers: regulation by pH, role of aspartate 60, and crystal structure of the aspartate 60 --> asparagine mutant."Biochemistry 36:13979-13988(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  30. "Buried S-nitrosocysteine revealed in crystal structures of human thioredoxin."Biochemistry 46:1219-1227(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]