Prothrombin Fragment 1+2(F1+2) is stable degradation product when the prothrombin is activated to thrombin. The F1+2 level in blood can reflect the activation level of thrombin in early stage, which can be used to diagnose the prethrombotic state & thrombotic diseases, remedy these diseases and monitor the efficacy.Take human F1+2 for example, the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways activate factor X to Xa, which removes the activation peptide and cleaves the remaining part of prothrombin into light and heavy chains by cutting the peptide bonds between Arg327-Thr328 and Arg363-Ile364 at same time, and then the F1+2(Ala44~Arg327) is released. While the thrombin can act on the prothrombin t......2017-06-12

As the development of engineered antibody, scFv (single-chain fragment variable) has attracted more and more attention in research of theoretical and practical applications. Compared to antibody, scFv is characteristic of small molecular weight, which accounted for 1/6 of MW of whole antibody. It is considered to be as the smallest functional unit with antibody biological activity.ScFv is a small engineered antibody in which the variable heavy chain(VH) and light chain (VL) of the antibody are connected by a short polypeptide linker with 15-20 amino acids. No Fc chain is included. ScFv was first found and expressed successfully in yeasts and plant cells, and it was able to spontaneousl......2017-05-19

It is well known that after knowing the gene sequence of the protein, the gene can be cloned into the plasmid. The plasmid can be transfected into E. coli, then the E.coli is the factory for protein expression. After separation and purification, the recombinant protein can be gotten. E. coli expression system is on of the expressions for protein expression. Eukaryotic expressin systems also can be used in protein expression. Figure 1 showed the expression of recombinant protein.Cloud-Clone Crop. provides one-stop services from genes to proteins. Customers also can choose one or two kinds of services according to their specific requirements. There are four protein expressions platform i......2017-05-19

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is one of the main components of the extracellular matrix, it is an anionic small molecule. HA is hydrolyzed by HAase in vivo, liver is the site of metabolism. Molecular formula of HA is (C14H21NO11)n, the molecular weight of HA ranges from 5kDa to 20,000kDa, the structural formula of HA as shown in figure 1.The proliferation and differentiation of epidermal cells can be promoted by HA, besides, HA has the oxygen free-radical scavenging property, these contribute to the restoration of skin damage. Moreover, HA is known as the ideal natural moisturizing factor because of its water-retaining property. You must be familiar with the name of hyaluronic acid, especially ......2017-05-19

We have introduced cell autophagy marker LC3 before, and now let’s talk about the new marker VCP, which mediates cell endocytosis and autophagy.Valosin Containing Protein (VCP) is a membrane-associated glycoprotein associated with multicellular activity, and its two tandem ATPase domains (named D1 and D2) are shown in Fig 1. As a class of like-chaperones, VCP can play an important role in the endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation and cell cycle regulation, mediating intracellular transport and autophagy. After combination of VCP and its cofactor UFD1-NPL4, ubiquitination-folding proteins could happen degradation.Fig1. Schematic diagram of VCP domain structure (from wik......2017-04-14

Antibody preparation technologies have gone three stages of development. The first stage: antiserum preparation or polyclonal antibody preparation by immunizing higher vertebrates. And the second stage: monoclonal antibody preparation based on cell fusion technologies and discovery of mouse myeloma; the third stage: recombinant antibody preparation by gene sequencing and gene library screening technologies. The polyclonal preparation technology can’t be suitable for large-scale production of antibody as to the complex ingredient and poor application of polyclonal Ab. The monoclonal antibody preparation technology is a combination of hybridoma technology and fermentation engineering t......2017-04-14