When one hears the word “vaccine,” many people think of vaccines against infectious agents, such as viruses and bacteria.The idea of vaccination against cancer has a long history and was initially built on the observation that some tumors spontaneously regress in patients experiencing an acute infection. How a non-specific innate immune response against bacterial products could translate into a specific anti-tumor immune response was explained subsequently by the discovery that dendritic cells (DCs) could acquire immunogenic tumor-derived peptides released during the innate immune response. This led to the hypothesis that use of tumor-derived antigens, if delivered to the immune sy......2024-01-19

Burn trauma is an injury that can be caused by heat, electricity, chemical or radiation. Depending on the area affected and the depth of the burn, burn patients can experience a large number of potentially fatal complications, including shock, infection, electrolyte imbalances, and multiple organ failure. Unlike acute wound healing, tendon repair, and intimal healing, the large amount of exudate in burn wounds often leads to persistent inflammation, a high risk of infection, and tissue edema, resulting in a prolonged healing process. Burn patients who have infections are twice as likely to die as those who do not, because an immune system disorder increases a patient's risk of infe......2024-01-12

The International Agency for Research on Cancer estimates that 20% of people worldwide will develop cancer during their lifetime. Traditional surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy are currently used as available clinical approaches for most cancer patients. Due to unavoidable resistance to drugs and radiation, traditional chemotherapy and radiotherapy have poor efficacy. As one of the emerging cancer treatment methods using light as the medium, photothermal therapy (PTT), in which nanomaterials absorb energy from photons and dissipate it partially in the form of heat to trigger the death of cancer cells, has attracted significant attention due to its noninvasive nature, high specific......2024-01-08

Over 50 billion cells undergoapoptosiseach day in an adult human to maintain immunehomeostasis.Hydrogen sulfide(H2S) is also required to safeguard the function of immune response. However, it is unknown whether apoptosis regulates H2S production. Here, we show that apoptosis-deficient MRL/lpr(B6.MRL-Faslpr/J) and Bim−/−(B6.129S1-Bcl2l11tm1.1Ast/J) mice exhibit significantly reduced H2S levels along with aberrant differentiation ofTh17 cells, which can be rescued by the additional H2S. Moreover, apoptotic cells and vesicles (apoVs) express key H2S-generatingenzymesand generate a significant amount of H2S, indicating that apoptotic metabolism is an important source of H2S. Mechanisti......2024-01-02

Hydrocephalus is a kind of disease caused by excessive secretion of cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)or circulation and absorption disorders resulting in increased intracranial CSFvolume, enlargement of ventricular system or progressive enlargement of subarachnoid space. Hydrocephalus can be either primary or secondary to trauma, spontaneous hemorrhage, infection, tumor, etc., and can also co occur with neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. It can occur at all ages, especially in infants and the elderly. The etiology of hydrocephalus is complex and difficult to treat. It can either threaten human health as an independent disease, or aggravate the disease wit......2023-12-29

Depression impacts approximately 10% of the population worldwide and is a major cause of disability and suicide. The core characteristics of depressive symptoms include low mood, decreased interest or pleasure in activities, lack of concentration, excessive guilt or low self-worth, changes in appetite and weight, insomnia or drowsiness, fatigue, cognitive impairment, and suicidal thoughts.Depression is the result of a combination of social, psychological, and biological factors. People who have experienced adverse events in their lives (such as unemployment, bereavement, or trauma) are more likely to suffer from depression. Depression, in turn, can lead to greater stress and dysfunctio......2023-12-25