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Parkinson Disease Protein 2 (PARK2)

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AR-JP; LPRS2; PDJ; PRKN; Parkin; Autosomal Recessive,Juvenile; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase parkin

Parkinson Disease Protein 2 (PARK2)
CCC L060
HGNC 8607
MGI 1355296
PubMed 22956510
RGD 61797
UniProt O60260
Wiki Parkin
Parkin is a proteinencoded by the PARK2 gene.The precise function of this protein is unknown; however, the protein is a component of a multiprotein E3 ubiquitin ligase complex which in turn is part of the ubiquitin-proteasome system that mediates the targeting of substrate proteins for proteasomal degradation. Mutations in this gene are known to cause a familial form of Parkinson's disease known as autosomal recessive juvenile Parkinson disease.
PARK2 is the parkin gene that may cause a form of autosomal recessive juvenile Parkinson disease due to a mutation in the parkin protein. This form of genetic mutation may be one of the most common known genetic causes of early-onset Parkinson disease.

Organism species: Homo sapiens (Human)

CATALOG NO. PRODUCT NAME APPLICATIONS
Proteins RPL060Hu01 Recombinant Parkinson Disease Protein 2 (PARK2) Positive Control; Immunogen; SDS-PAGE; WB.
Antibodies MAL060Hu21 Monoclonal Antibody to Parkinson Disease Protein 2 (PARK2) WB; IHC; ICC; IP.
PAL060Hu01 Polyclonal Antibody to Parkinson Disease Protein 2 (PARK2) WB; IHC; ICC; IP.
PAL060Hu02 Polyclonal Antibody to Parkinson Disease Protein 2 (PARK2) WB; IHC; ICC; IP.
Assay Kits SEL060Hu ELISA Kit for Parkinson Disease Protein 2 (PARK2) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Antigen Detection.

Organism species: Mus musculus (Mouse)

CATALOG NO. PRODUCT NAME APPLICATIONS
Proteins n/a Recombinant Parkinson Disease Protein 2 (PARK2) Recombinant Protein Customized Service Offer
Antibodies n/a Monoclonal Antibody to Parkinson Disease Protein 2 (PARK2) Monoclonal Antibody Customized Service Offer
n/a Polyclonal Antibody to Parkinson Disease Protein 2 (PARK2) Polyclonal Antibody Customized Service Offer
Assay Kits n/a CLIA Kit for Parkinson Disease Protein 2 (PARK2) CLIA Kit Customized Service Offer
n/a ELISA Kit for Parkinson Disease Protein 2 (PARK2) ELISA Kit Customized Service Offer

Organism species: Rattus norvegicus (Rat)

CATALOG NO. PRODUCT NAME APPLICATIONS
Proteins n/a Recombinant Parkinson Disease Protein 2 (PARK2) Recombinant Protein Customized Service Offer
Antibodies n/a Monoclonal Antibody to Parkinson Disease Protein 2 (PARK2) Monoclonal Antibody Customized Service Offer
n/a Polyclonal Antibody to Parkinson Disease Protein 2 (PARK2) Polyclonal Antibody Customized Service Offer
Assay Kits n/a CLIA Kit for Parkinson Disease Protein 2 (PARK2) CLIA Kit Customized Service Offer
n/a ELISA Kit for Parkinson Disease Protein 2 (PARK2) ELISA Kit Customized Service Offer
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  2. "Evidence for the presence of full-length PARK2 mRNA and Parkin protein in human blood."Neurosci. Lett. 460:196-200(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  3. "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs." Nat. Genet. 36:40-45(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
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  6. "Immunohistochemical and subcellular localization of Parkin protein: absence of protein in autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism patients."Ann. Neurol. 45:668-672(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  7. "Parkin suppresses unfolded protein stress-induced cell death through its E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity."J. Biol. Chem. 275:35661-35664(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  8. "Familial Parkinson disease gene product, parkin, is a ubiquitin-protein ligase."Nat. Genet. 25:302-305(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  9. "Parkin functions as an E2-dependent ubiquitin-protein ligase and promotes the degradation of the synaptic vesicle-associated protein, CDCrel-1."Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97:13354-13359(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  10. "An unfolded putative transmembrane polypeptide, which can lead to endoplasmic reticulum stress, is a substrate of Parkin."Cell 105:891-902(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  11. "Parkin ubiquitinates the alpha-synuclein-interacting protein, synphilin-1: implications for Lewy-body formation in Parkinson disease."Nat. Med. 7:1144-1150(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  12. "Ubiquitination of a new form of alpha-synuclein by parkin from human brain: implications for Parkinson's disease."Science 293:263-269(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  13. "Comparative genomics of the RBR family, including the Parkinson's disease-related gene parkin and the genes of the ariadne subfamily."Mol. Biol. Evol. 19:2039-2050(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  14. "CHIP is associated with Parkin, a gene responsible for familial Parkinson's disease, and enhances its ubiquitin ligase activity."Mol. Cell 10:55-67(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  15. "The autosomal recessive juvenile Parkinson disease gene product, parkin, interacts with and ubiquitinates synaptotagmin XI."Hum. Mol. Genet. 12:2587-2597(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  16. "A product of the human gene adjacent to parkin is a component of Lewy bodies and suppresses Pael receptor-induced cell death."J. Biol. Chem. 278:51901-51910(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  17. "Parkin is a component of an SCF-like ubiquitin ligase complex and protects postmitotic neurons from kainate excitotoxicity."Neuron 37:735-749(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  18. "Alterations in the common fragile site gene Parkin in ovarian and other cancers."Oncogene 22:8370-8378(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  19. "Parkin, a gene implicated in autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism, is a candidate tumor suppressor gene on chromosome 6q25-q27."Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100:5956-5961(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  20. "How does parkin ligate ubiquitin to Parkinson's disease?"EMBO Rep. 5:681-685(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  21. "S-nitrosylation of parkin regulates ubiquitination and compromises parkin's protective function."Science 304:1328-1331(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  22. "Parkin interacts with the proteasome subunit alpha4."FEBS Lett. 579:3913-3919(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  23. "Parkin mediates nonclassical, proteasomal-independent ubiquitination of synphilin-1: implications for Lewy body formation."J. Neurosci. 25:2002-2009(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  24. "Accumulation of the authentic parkin substrate aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase cofactor, p38/JTV-1, leads to catecholaminergic cell death."J. Neurosci. 25:7968-7978(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  25. "Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) interacts with parkin and mutant LRRK2 induces neuronal degeneration."Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 102:18676-18681(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  26. "Parkin ubiquitinates and promotes the degradation of RanBP2."J. Biol. Chem. 281:3595-3603(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  27. "Functional modulation of parkin through physical interaction with SUMO-1."J. Neurosci. Res. 84:1543-1554(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  28. "Parkin-mediated K63-linked polyubiquitination targets misfolded DJ-1 to aggresomes via binding to HDAC6."J. Cell Biol. 178:1025-1038(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  29. "Parkin is recruited selectively to impaired mitochondria and promotes their autophagy."J. Cell Biol. 183:795-803(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  30. "Parkin is ubiquitinated by Nrdp1 and abrogates Nrdp1-induced oxidative stress."Neurosci. Lett. 440:4-8(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  31. "Parkin, PINK1, and DJ-1 form a ubiquitin E3 ligase complex promoting unfolded protein degradation."J. Clin. Invest. 119:650-660(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  32. "Transcriptional repression of p53 by parkin and impairment by mutations associated with autosomal recessive juvenile Parkinson's disease."Nat. Cell Biol. 11:1370-1375(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  33. "The PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy is compromised by PD-associated mutations."Autophagy 6:871-878(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  34. "Parkin mono-ubiquitinates Bcl-2 and regulates autophagy."J. Biol. Chem. 285:38214-38223(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  35. "PINK1-dependent recruitment of Parkin to mitochondria in mitophagy."Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 107:378-383(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  36. "PARIS (ZNF746) repression of PGC-1alpha contributes to neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease."Cell 144:689-702(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  37. "UBCH7 reactivity profile reveals parkin and HHARI to be RING/HECT hybrids."Nature 474:105-108(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  38. "Parkin interacts with Klokin1 for mitochondrial import and maintenance of membrane potential."Hum. Mol. Genet. 21:991-1003(2012) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  39. "Parkin-catalyzed ubiquitin-ester transfer is triggered by PINK1-dependent phosphorylation."J. Biol. Chem. 288:22019-22032(2013) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  40. "The Parkinson's disease-linked proteins Fbxo7 and Parkin interact to mediate mitophagy."Nat. Neurosci. 16:1257-1265(2013) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  41. "High-content genome-wide RNAi screens identify regulators of parkin upstream of mitophagy."Nature 504:291-295(2013) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  42. "PINK1-phosphorylated mitofusin 2 is a Parkin receptor for culling damaged mitochondria."Science 340:471-475(2013) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  43. "Parkin is activated by PINK1-dependent phosphorylation of ubiquitin at Ser65."Biochem. J. 460:127-139(2014) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  44. "PINK1 phosphorylates ubiquitin to activate Parkin E3 ubiquitin ligase activity."J. Cell Biol. 205:143-153(2014) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  45. "Ubiquitin is phosphorylated by PINK1 to activate parkin."Nature 510:162-166(2014) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  46. "The mitochondrial deubiquitinase USP30 opposes parkin-mediated mitophagy."Nature 510:370-375(2014) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  47. "Ubiquitin Ser65 phosphorylation affects ubiquitin structure, chain assembly and hydrolysis."EMBO J. 34:307-325(2015) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  48. "USP30 and parkin homeostatically regulate atypical ubiquitin chains on mitochondria."Nat. Cell Biol. 17:160-169(2015) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  49. "Parkin binds the Rpn10 subunit of 26S proteasomes through its ubiquitin-like domain."EMBO Rep. 4:301-306(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  50. "Structure of the Parkin in-between-ring domain provides insights for E3-ligase dysfunction in autosomal recessive Parkinson's disease."Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104:3095-3100(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  51. "Structure of the human Parkin ligase domain in an autoinhibited state."EMBO J. 32:2099-2112(2013) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  52. "Structure and function of Parkin E3 ubiquitin ligase reveals aspects of RING and HECT ligases."Nat. Commun. 4:1982-1982(2013) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  53. "Parkin genetics: one model for Parkinson's disease."Hum. Mol. Genet. 13:R127-R133(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  54. "Point mutations (Thr240Arg and Gln311Stop) in the Parkin gene."Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 249:754-758(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  55. ErratumBiochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 251:666-666(1998)
  56. "A wide variety of mutations in the parkin gene are responsible for autosomal recessive parkinsonism in Europe." Hum. Mol. Genet. 8:567-574(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  57. "Association of codon 167 Ser/Asn heterozygosity in the parkin gene with sporadic Parkinson's disease."NeuroReport 10:2735-2739(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  58. "Novel mutations, pseudo-dominant inheritance, and possible familial affects in patients with autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism."Ann. Neurol. 48:245-250(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  59. "Polymorphisms of the parkin gene in sporadic Parkinson's disease among Chinese in Taiwan."Eur. Neurol. 44:90-93(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  60. "Association between early-onset Parkinson's disease and mutations in the parkin gene."N. Engl. J. Med. 342:1560-1567(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  61. "Origin of the mutations in the parkin gene in Europe: exon rearrangements are independent recurrent events, whereas point mutations may result from founder effects."Am. J. Hum. Genet. 68:617-626(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  62. "The importance of gene dosage studies: mutational analysis of the parkin gene in early-onset parkinsonism."Hum. Mol. Genet. 10:1649-1656(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  63. "A novel Cys212Tyr founder mutation in parkin and allelic heterogeneity of juvenile parkinsonism in a population from North West Colombia."Neurosci. Lett. 298:87-90(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  64. "Complex relationship between parkin mutations and Parkinson disease."Am. J. Med. Genet. 114:584-591(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  65. ErratumAm. J. Med. Genet. 114:992-992(2002)
  66. "Role of parkin mutations in 111 community-based patients with early-onset parkinsonism."Ann. Neurol. 51:621-625(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  67. "Molecular findings in familial Parkinson disease in Spain."Arch. Neurol. 59:966-970(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  68. "Linkage stratification and mutation analysis at the parkin locus identifies mutation positive Parkinson's disease families."J. Med. Genet. 39:489-492(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  69. "Relative high frequency of the c.255delA parkin gene mutation in Spanish patients with autosomal recessive parkinsonism."J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psych. 73:582-584(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  70. "Evaluation of 50 probands with early-onset Parkinson's disease for parkin mutations."Neurology 58:1239-1246(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  71. "A new point mutation on exon 2 of parkin gene in Parkinson's disease."Zhonghua Yi Xue Yi Chuan Xue Za Zhi 19:409-411(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  72. "Parkin mutations and susceptibility alleles in late-onset Parkinson's disease." Ann. Neurol. 53:624-629(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  73. "Heterozygosity for a mutation in the parkin gene leads to later onset Parkinson disease."Neurology 60:796-801(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  74. "Parkin mutations are rare in patients with young-onset parkinsonism in a US population."Parkinsonism Relat. Disord. 9:309-312(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  75. "Novel parkin mutations detected in patients with early-onset Parkinson's disease." Mov. Disord. 20:424-431(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  76. "PINK1 stabilized by mitochondrial depolarization recruits Parkin to damaged mitochondria and activates latent Parkin for mitophagy."J. Cell Biol. 189:211-221(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  77. "Systematic review and UK-based study of PARK2 (parkin), PINK1, PARK7 (DJ-1) and LRRK2 in early-onset Parkinson's disease." Mov. Disord. 27:1522-1529(2012) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]