Histone is a kind of strongly basic proteinexists in chromatin of eukaryotic cell nucleus[A1], which is the basic structure protein ofeukaryotic chromosome. The DNA is compressed by Histones and together withHistones to form nucleosomes. If there is no histone[A2], the chromosomal DNA will be unlocked and will be scattered longDNA chains.[A3]It has greatsignificances to have researches on Histones. The abnormal level of Histoneswill lead to diseases, such as chronic kidney disease, etc. Also Histone modificationis related to immune regulation, autoimmune diseases, cancer, neurologicaldiseases and endocrine diseases.There are six types ofHistones: H1, H2A, H2B, H3, H4 and archaeal Histo......2016-04-11

High Mobility GroupProtein 1, also known as amphotericin. It’s encoded by HMGB1 genes. It’s namedwith HMGB1 due to the high mobility in SDS-PAGE.Now we treat humanHMGB1 as an example to have a brief introduction on High Mobility Group Protein1.Protein:Like Histones, HMGB1is the most important chromatin protein, it plays significant roles inmaintaining and stabilizing nucleosome DNA recombination, replication,transcription, repair etc. In addition, it also functions in infection,inflammation and immune reactions. HMGB1 is also one of the focus ofinflammation injury. Some scholars proposed HMGB1 as a DNA vaccine adjuvant andcancer therapeutic target.According UniprotMaster HMGB1 link......2016-04-11

GADis the target antigen in type I diabetes patients serum. GAD has now become animportant immunological biomarker in early prediction and diagnosis of diabetes.At first, Anti-GAD Ab was found in StiffmanSyndrome patients by Olimena. Then,many experimental and clinical data show that Anti-GAD Ab can be detected inpatients with autoimmune diseases. Here is a brief introduction of GAD and Anti-GADAb.GAD widely exists in thenervous system, tissues and organs, such asliver, spleen, pancreas andbrain etc. In mammals, there aretwoisomersof GAD, one is GAD67 (GAD1) and the other one is GAD65(GAD2). They are encoded byalleles onchromosome 2 and10,respectively.The main differences between GAD67......2016-04-11

Caspase (Cysteine aspartic acid specificprotease) are a group of protease, which exist in cytoplasm. These proteasescan specifically cleave target proteins at C-terminal of aspartic acid residue,and their active site contains a cystein . Caspase play an important role inapoptosis, and 12 members of human caspase family were found till now.Caspase 3 is an essential member of caspasefamily, it functions as the main terminal cleave enzyme in apoptosis. Caspase 3is generated from pro-caspase 3, which is a precursor protein, contains 277amino acid residues. It is found that the structure of pro-caspase 3 containsfour parts, the first one is 1-9 amino acid consisted propeptide, the secondpar......2016-04-11

Previously, we got an inquiry for customized antibody. The customer asked, I want to get antibody specific to 35-55 amino acids of mouse Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein (MOG), what kind of antibody do I need, monoclonal antibody (McAb) or polyclonal antibody? And what kind of immunogen is better for antibody preparation, peptide or recombinant protein? In order to answer these questions, at first, let’s focus on the difference between McAb and polyclonal Ab. McAb is specific to a single epitope, and it is from immune cells that are all clones of a unique B cell. While polyclonal antibody are secreted by different B cell lineages, which identify different epitopes of antigen.......2016-02-14

For the traditional molecular cloning technology, the target gene is amplified by PCR. And then the T-A cloning vector is constructed and transferred to competence E.coli. Next, target gene fragment and vector are digested by the same restriction enzyme. After gel-purify, insert fragment and vector are ligated by ligaseWe will spend 2-3 weeks to complete this process.This technique has many drawbacks,as follows:1.The multiple cloning site is make up of many restriction enzyme cleavage sites,which may be not always suitable for the target gene;2.Adding the restriction enzyme cleavage site during the gene cloning by the PCR, which may bring non-specific amplification; 3.If the target gen......2016-02-14